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SOC 33-3021. National wage and employment estimates, with the fields of study that commonly prepare people for this work.

National estimates

What this work pays across the country

Median annual wage
$93,790
Lower quarter
$69,330
Upper quarter
$120,520
People employed
114,430

These are national figures across everyone in the occupation, including people with decades of experience and people who studied something else entirely. Pay differs by state, industry, employer, and experience, and a median hides a wide spread.

Year, scope, and limits
Cohort or year
May 2025
Scope
Reported for this occupation, nationally

National median wage across all workers in the occupation, not only recent graduates of one field. Wages vary by state, industry, and experience. A wage at or above 239,200 dollars a year is published only as at or above that figure.

Study paths

Fields of study linked to this work

These fields are commonly linked to this occupation, which means they prepare people for the work. It is not a record of where graduates went and it is not a hiring promise.

Year, scope, and limits
Cohort or year
Current federal taxonomies
Scope
Reported for this occupation, nationally

This link means the field commonly prepares people for that kind of work. It is not a placement record and does not promise a job.

Before you plan around this

What this page cannot tell you

  • Whether employers in your area are hiring, and at what pay.
  • Whether a specific degree program leads to this work for its graduates.
  • Licensing requirements, which are set by states and can add exams, hours, or fees.
  • How the work will change over the years you spend studying for it.

Ask a school what its own graduates in these fields do now, and ask the state licensing board what a license requires where you plan to live.